Giuseppe Torelli (1658–1709) was a leading composer in the Bologna school. More important were the concerto grosso, which contrasted a small ensemble (or concertino) with a large ensemble (or concerto grosso, ripieno, or tutti), and the solo concerto, in which a solo instrument contrasted with the orchestra. In the orchestral concerto, the first violin part and bass dominated, and the texture was less contrapuntal than in the sonata. The instrumental concerto was a new genre that emerged in the 1680s and 1690s and became the most important type of Baroque instrumental music. Venice nurtured institutions like the Pio Ospedale della Pietà, a home and school for orphaned and abandoned girls, which became a famous musical center. Venice was home to all types of professional and amateur music-making, including public festivals, opera, church music, and chamber music. Italy: Antonio Vivaldi and the Concerto (CHWM 263–70, NAWM 93)Īlthough Venice was declining in power at the beginning of the eighteenth century, it still had a lively musical culture. Antonio Vivaldi, Francois Couperin, Jean-Philippe Rameau, Johann Sebastian Bach, and George Frideric Handel synthesize Baroque trends in Italy, France, Germany, and England. Chapter 13: Baroque Music in the Early Eighteenth Centuryīetween 17, Baroque music competed with a simpler, more songful style.
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